No. 3 / 2026 — Autumn

Abstract. The evolution of the Romanian population is one that has to attract interest, especially from the point of view of the decrease in the birth rate, which will further determine the reduction from year to year of the population, both resident and domicile in Romania. Against the background of the increase of the death-birth rate, i.e. the ratio of deceased to newborn in favor of the deceased, the age pyramid will be changed in the sense that, at the base, the younger generations will be reduced to the middle and especially towards the peak of the pyramid being net contingents over previous periods. In this context, we can speak with certainty about a phenomenon of aging of the population, i.e., of increasing the number of older people on the background of the decrease of the birth rate. In this article, the authors study the evolution of the population over time, presenting tables and graphs that highlight this aging phenomenon. In summary, we can say that birth rates are decreasing, mortality increases, marriage decreases, divorcement increases, and emigration of a part of the population, especially from younger generations and with more special training. Birthplaces are highlighted, in the context of the couples breaking up or not, in order to have an image that the generation of young children does not have an immediate or long-lasting perspective. There are many births outside marriages, especially in rural areas and less in urban areas. The age at which the marriages are made is advanced, and on this complex background we come to the conclusion of a certain aging process of the Romanian population. At the same time, we also appreciate that the population resident or domiciled in Romania will also gradually decrease. There are predictions that, in 2050, the population of Romania, if this trend of the main demographic indicators is maintained, will reach about 17 million inhabitants.