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No. 3 / 2026 — Autumn

Peer-reviewed articles in economics, finance, public policy, and sustainable development.

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Theoretical and Applied Economics
No. 3 / 2021 (628), Autumn

Two vital reference elements in the evolution of the current model of European integration – The Maastricht Treaty and the implementation of the single currency – Euro

Alin Ioan CREŢU
Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania
Alina Ștefania CHENIC
Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania

Abstract. Economic integration involves a double process, as it highlights the whole cause and effect and thus involves the removal of a large number of obstacles to the free movement of goods and services, contributing to the strengthening of economic ties between the states participating in this process. In the context of the Maastricht Treaty, the introduction, implementation and development of the single European currency has a huge relevance and capacity to create fundamental consequences on the economic-financial level and implicitly on the socio-political level. This article aims to highlight the viability and sustainability of the European Union as a form of interstate organization and functioning.

Keywords: model of European integration, Maastricht Treaty, euro, EU sustainability, form of organization and functioning.

Contents

1

Two vital reference elements in the evolution of the current model of European integration – The Maastricht Treaty and the implementation of the single currency – Euro

Alin Ioan CREŢU · Alina Ștefania CHENIC

2

Development in Romania during the post-crisis period: A human, economic and social perspective

Maria-Daniela TUDORACHE

3

Multifactorial analysis of the price formation in the terms of a risk-free rate

Constantin ANGHELACHE · Mădălina-Gabriela ANGHEL · Iulian RADU

4

Financial contracts with several types of agents

Laura CONSTANTIN · Ștefan Virgil IACOB · Dana Luiza GRIGORESCU

5

Evaluation of the methodological relationship between real business cycle model and macroprudential policy

Ayşegül Ladin SÜMER

6

Efficiency of commercial banks in India after global financial crises

K. RAVIRAJAN · K.R. SHANMUGAM

7

Effectiveness of monetary policy and interest rate pass-through in India since financial sector reforms

N. KUBENDRAN

8

FDI and ODA effects on recipient countries imports: Evidence from selected MENA countries

Mahmoud M. SABRA

9

Estimating the relationship between governance, economic growth, inequality and poverty

Mohammed TOUITOU · Ahmed BOUDEGHDEGH

10

Environmental Kuznets curve and India: Evidence from autoregressive distributed lag model

Jaganath BEHERA

11

Rural urban migration with heterogeneous firms, heterogonous laborer and the effect of wage subsidy

Sravaitri CHAUDHURI · Ranajoy BHATTACHARYYA · Sukanta BHATTACHARYA

12

The relationship between exchange rates, foreign trade and economic growth: An application on Turkey

Çiğdem ALIM · Necati Alp ERILLI