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No. 3 / 2026 — Autumn

Peer-reviewed articles in economics, finance, public policy, and sustainable development.

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Theoretical and Applied Economics
No. 1 / 2024 (638), Spring

ESG risk rating disagreement: implications on portfolio performance

Diana-Mihaela SANDU
Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania

Abstract. This paper examines the ESG risk rating disagreement across two-well established rating providers and its implication on portfolio performance. By deriving a proxy for rating disagreement using the average standard deviation of pairwise percentile ranking across Refinitiv and Sustainalytics, this study examined the risk-adjusted performance of high and low disagreement portfolios. For each portfolio, four risk-adjusted measures (Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio, Modigliani- Squared and Jensen’s alpha) were calculated. In general, the study found that the best performer was the low-disagreement portfolio, but the results were not favourable for any portfolio.

Keywords: ESG disagreement, portfolio performance, risk-adjusted measures, industry, Europe.

Contents

1

The unemployment rate and the future of the employment market in Romania The impact of inflation A study on the Romanian post-pandemic economy dominated by uncertainty

Maria GHEORGHE · Aureliana ROMAN

2

The importance of resource efficiency indicators in assessing eco-innovation in the European Union countries

Lejla TERZIĆ

3

Day-of-the-week and weekend effects on stock market returns: an investigation through review of literature

Gaurav KUMAR · Prof. Bhartendu SINGH

4

Redefining wine brand engagement through influencer marketing and ephemeral content

Anca-Alexandra DUCMAN

5

The analysis of the effects of income inequalities on the at-risk-of-poverty rate in the European Union

Maria Berta BELU · Silvana BOBÂRNAT (CRIVOI) · Maria Denisa VASILESCU · Eva MILITARU

6

Financial anxiety and inflation: a burden for informal workers

Vaswati RUDRAPAL · Puja DAS

7

India’s global trade potential. A panel gravity model approach

Ritu SHEKHAWAT · C.R. BISHNOI

8

Drifting away from market efficiency: the presence of the January effect in the U.S. stock market

Alexandra Maria SERBU · Theodor Gabriel TRIFAN

9

Marketing ethics – another business-oriented scheme?

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10

Financial effect of remittances

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11

Twitter sentiments and stock indices returns with reference to nifty energy indices of India

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12

Brazilian soybeans: quo vadis?

Mario Antonio MARGARIDO · Frederico Araujo TUROLLA

13

ESG risk rating disagreement: implications on portfolio performance

Diana-Mihaela SANDU

14

The economic efficiency of waste management policies

Rareș-Mihai NIȚU

15

Microfinance and poverty reduction: an empirical evidence from SAARC nations

Samreen FAROOQ · Prof. S.M. Jawed AKHTAR

16

Nexus between political federalism, social diversity and human development in India

Vivek JADHAV · Dr. Shrabani MUKHERJEE

17

Shaping the digital labor market in the European Union

Georgiana-Alina CRISAN · Amalia CRISTESCU · Mădălina Ecaterina POPESCU

18

Two decades of research on affiliate marketing: a systematic literature review

Santroop TANWAR · Prof. Praveen SAHU

19

Impact of final consumption, domestic investment, exports, and imports on economic growth in Albania

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20

Resurgence of informal economy in the US amidst of automation

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21

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22

Evaluation of the event study in the case of mergers and acquisitions

Dragoș-George BÎLTEANU · Irina STANCU

23

Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on FDIs in Romania: a comparative analysis

Mădălina-Elena DRAGOMIR · Marta STOIAN

24

Analysis of the evolution of the net investments and constructions carried out in Romania at the end of 2023

Constantin ANGHELACHE · Mădălina-Gabriela ANGHEL · Marius-Cristian RĂDUȚ · Ștefan Gabriel DUMBRAVĂ