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No. 3 / 2026 — Autumn

Peer-reviewed articles in economics, finance, public policy, and sustainable development.

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Theoretical and Applied Economics
No. 2 / 2024 (639), Summer

Westphalian order in pan-Arabism culture societies

Maria BUDEANU
University of London, London, UK

Abstract. It is no secret that nationalist movements are making their presence felt more throughout the world. This comes as a result of people’s consciousness being marked of the different policies adopted by multilateral institutions which negatively affect the state`s perceived sovereignty. The anarchical structure of the international system reveals how order is only maintained once states hold the power of decision, whether it is through cooperation or independence. Studies underline how sovereignty has become an institution in itself and how states become increasingly dependent on it, in the last seventy years. The concept of a nation-state is not about total independence, but about finding the best economic, social and political solutions for the best outcome through mutual understandings within the Westphalian sphere.

Keywords: nation-state, rival institutions, international security, anarchy, pan-Arabism.

Contents

1

Performance and risk – a changing and complex relationship for banking business

Dan Costin NIȚESCU · Adina Elena CĂLIN · Eugen-Marian VIERESCU

2

Impact of inflation and exchange rate on stock market returns in India: An ARDL approach

H R TEJESH

3

Westphalian order in pan-Arabism culture societies

Maria BUDEANU

4

The generational divide – A debate on technology and the decision-making process

Raluca Iuliana GEORGESCU · Dumitru Alexandru BODISLAV

5

The trend of FDI inflows and its impact on the Indian economy

Sushanta Kumar TARAI · Sudhakar PATRA · Dhananjoy DATTA

6

Effects of exchange relative prices on macroeconomic stability in sub-Saharan African countries

Irifaar SOME

7

Crowding-out, home bias and financial stability in the aftermath of the sovereign debt crisis

Alexie ALUPOAIEI · Matei KUBINSCHI · Eugen RĂDULESCU · Alina ZAHARIA-ROTARU

8

Is there convergence or divergence in per capita energy consumption in sub-Saharan African countries?

Muhammed TIRAŞOĞLU

9

Financial transformation through digitalisation: India’s dual path of cash and cashless transaction

Nasira BANU M. · Ibrahim CHOLAKKAL · Abdul AZEEZ N.P.

10

Nexus between global financial integration and economic growth: An ARDL approach

Mohammad Omar FARUK

11

Integration of ESG principles: An initiative for transformation from Linear Economy to Circular Economy

Shaheera Banu Z · V. VIMALA

12

European funds for sustainable transport and economic growth

Ana Maria BOCĂNEALĂ · Alexandra-Elvira GHERASIM

13

What drives Tunisian economic growth: urbanization or rural development?

Sayef BAKARI · Malek El WERIEMMI

14

Impact of crypto currencies on performance of stock returns: Evidence from BRICS countries

Sakthivel P. · Rajaswaminathan S.

15

Forecasting gold price and inflation for India and US: An analysis of ARIMA and Holt Winters models

Mukti KHETAN · Vijay KUMAR · Kalandi Charan PRADHAN · Mohd. Aziz SHAIKH · Mohd. ARSHAD

16

ESG Global Score Indicator – The new sovereign rating Case study – European Union

Ana Maria (MĂRĂȘESCU) NECULA

17

Assessing the adoption of corporate social responsibility on developing countries: Case of Jordan

Omar ALHATO

18

ICT and economic growth: Evidence from lower-middle income countries of South Asia

Kirti SANWAL · Saba ISMAIL

19

Future of cryptocurrency in India

Gaurav KUMAR · Bhartendu SINGH · Suraj Kumar SAMAL · Pandav Kumar CHAUDHARY

20

The fintech frontier: Investigating fintech entrepreneurial intentions in the light of fintech awareness

Abin JOHN · Selvaraj VANITHA · Muhammed JISHAM