Theoretical and Applied Economics
No. 1 / 2026 (646), Spring
Application of PHH and PHE model to Investigative FDI inflows effects on CO2 emissions in developing countries (OECD & BRICS)
Dr. Abdul Haq Urdu University, India
Abstract. The inflows of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from developed countries to developing countries may increase CO2 emissions. Presently, developing nations are perceived as pollution havens due to their tolerant environmental rules. Instead, FDI inflows from the technologically advanced countries apply their progress management and progressive technologies in emerging nations, and growth in FDI inflows decreases CO2 emissions. Most of the previous studies observed that there is a strong relationship between FDI inflows and CO2 Emissions by applying aggregate net FDI inflows. But the present paper examined on the impact of FDI inflows on CO2 emissions in the case of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) nations from 2000 to 2022 by applying Mutual FDI net inflows from 10 OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) nations, as looking into our practical outcomes, from which OECD nation FDI net inflows to BRICS nations substances for CO2 emissions in BRICS nations. The result of present study authorized that, FDI inflows to BRICS nations from Switzerland, Denmark and the UK raise CO2 emissions in BRICS nations with the affirmative of the PHH. The present study suggests that BRICS nations should encourage green project FDI inflows by decreasing environmental degradation. Capitalization nations should be appraised based on their ecological degradation in the host nations.
Contents
From paradox to opportunity: designing a hybrid REIT Model for Romania's emerging capital market
Human development inequality within and between selected SAARC countries using Mean Log Deviation MLD
The influence of renewable energy consumption and trade openness on carbon emissions in South Africa: an augmented autoregressive distributed lag method application
The hidden side of VAT: modeling compliance and inferring collection shortfalls in Romania
The dynamic nexus between oil price fluctuations, exchange rate volatility, and economic growth: empirical evidence from Algeria
Does unemployment influence out-of-pocket health expenditures in sub-Saharan Africa countries? Evidence from the defactored instrumental variables method
From transposition to distortion: how OECD corporate governance principles were misapplied in Romanian state-owned enterprise legislation
Information transmission in the foreign exchange market: evidence from India
The evolution of green energy utilization in Romania
On the equivalence and nonequivalence of import subsidies and export subsidies
AI-simulated reciprocity and the narrowing of decision options within human attachment psychological architecture
Shockwaves abroad and the vulnerability of monetary policy: Morocco’s Central Bank response to geopolitical shocks and commodity price volatility
Impact of growth and tax on pollution in the presence of corruption
Heterogeneous effect of financial inclusion on economic complexity in developing countries
Human ethics vs. algorithmic ethics: the limits of automating moral decision-making
Migrants remittances and economic growth in Morocco: A VAR model analysis
Determinants of inflation in Romania: A VAR approach
Effect of information and communication technologies on life expectancy and under-five mortality in WAEMU countries
Application of PHH and PHE model to Investigative FDI inflows effects on CO2 emissions in developing countries (OECD & BRICS)
Internal vs external migration: comparative patterns within the EU