Theoretical and Applied Economics
No. 1 / 2026 (646), Spring
Internal vs external migration: comparative patterns within the EU
Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania
Abstract. Migration is a structurally important factor influencing demographic and economic changes within the EU. This paper explores migration patterns between six EU countries: Germany, Spain, France, Poland, Bulgaria, and Romania, over the period 2012-2023. The research employs both descriptive analysis and a two-way fixed effects estimation. Findings reveal a persistent core-periphery asymmetry between the West and the East, especially Romania. Results show that high levels of unemployment reduce the net migration balance, but short-run variations in GDP per capita have no impact. The change in the Romanian migration balance to positive after 2022 points to a new, higher circulation regime.
Contents
From paradox to opportunity: designing a hybrid REIT Model for Romania's emerging capital market
Human development inequality within and between selected SAARC countries using Mean Log Deviation MLD
The influence of renewable energy consumption and trade openness on carbon emissions in South Africa: an augmented autoregressive distributed lag method application
The hidden side of VAT: modeling compliance and inferring collection shortfalls in Romania
The dynamic nexus between oil price fluctuations, exchange rate volatility, and economic growth: empirical evidence from Algeria
Does unemployment influence out-of-pocket health expenditures in sub-Saharan Africa countries? Evidence from the defactored instrumental variables method
From transposition to distortion: how OECD corporate governance principles were misapplied in Romanian state-owned enterprise legislation
Information transmission in the foreign exchange market: evidence from India
The evolution of green energy utilization in Romania
On the equivalence and nonequivalence of import subsidies and export subsidies
AI-simulated reciprocity and the narrowing of decision options within human attachment psychological architecture
Shockwaves abroad and the vulnerability of monetary policy: Morocco’s Central Bank response to geopolitical shocks and commodity price volatility
Impact of growth and tax on pollution in the presence of corruption
Heterogeneous effect of financial inclusion on economic complexity in developing countries
Human ethics vs. algorithmic ethics: the limits of automating moral decision-making
Migrants remittances and economic growth in Morocco: A VAR model analysis
Determinants of inflation in Romania: A VAR approach
Effect of information and communication technologies on life expectancy and under-five mortality in WAEMU countries
Application of PHH and PHE model to Investigative FDI inflows effects on CO2 emissions in developing countries (OECD & BRICS)
Internal vs external migration: comparative patterns within the EU